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Python のファイル オブジェクト

ファイル オブジェクトを使用すると、ユーザーがアクセスできるすべてのファイルにアクセスして操作できるようになります。このようなファイルは読み書きできます。 I/O 関連の理由でファイル操作が失敗すると、例外 IOError が発生します。これには、tty デバイスでの Seek() や読み取り用に開かれたファイルへの書き込みなど、何らかの理由で操作が定義されていない状況が含まれます。ファイルには次のメソッドがあります。
    開ける(): Opens a file in given access mode.
     open(file_address access_mode) 
    Examples of accessing a file: A file can be opened with a built-in function called open(). This function takes in the file’s address and the access_mode and returns a file object. There are different types of access_modes:
      r:   Opens a file for reading only   r+:   Opens a file for both reading and writing   w:   Opens a file for writing only   w+:   Open a file for writing and reading.   a:   Opens a file for appending   a+:   Opens a file for both appending and reading
    When you add 'b' to the access modes you can read the file in binary format rather than the default text format. It is used when the file to be accessed is not in text. 読み取り([サイズ]) : It reads the entire file and returns it contents in the form of a string. Reads at most size bytes from the file (less if the read hits EOF before obtaining size bytes). If the size argument is negative or omitted read all data until EOF is reached. Python
    # Reading a file f = open(__file__ 'r') #read() text = f.read(10) print(text) f.close() 
    readline([サイズ]) : It reads the first line of the file i.e till a newline character or an EOF in case of a file having a single line and returns a string. If the size argument is present and non-negative it is a maximum byte count (including the trailing newline) and an incomplete line may be returned. An empty string is returned only when EOF is encountered immediately. Python
    # Reading a line in a file f = open(__file__ 'r') #readline() text = f.readline(20) print(text) f.close() 
    readlines([サイズヒント]) : It reads the entire file line by line and updates each line to a list which is returned.Read until EOF using readline() and return a list containing the lines thus read. If the optional sizehint argument is present instead of reading up to EOF whole lines totalling approximately sizehint bytes (possibly after rounding up to an internal buffer size) are read. Python
    # Reading a file f = open(__file__ 'r') #readline() text = f.readlines(25) print(text) f.close() 
    書き込み(文字列) : It writes the contents of string to the file. It has no return value. Due to buffering the string may not actually show up in the file until the flush() or close() method is called. Python
    # Writing a file f = open(__file__ 'w') line = 'Welcome Geeksn' #write() f.write(line) f.close() 
    さまざまなモードでのその他の例: Python
    # Reading and Writing a file f = open(__file__ 'r+') lines = f.read() f.write(lines) f.close() 
    Python
    # Writing and Reading a file f = open(__file__ 'w+') lines = f.read() f.write(lines) f.close() 
    Python
    # Appending a file f = open(__file__ 'a') lines = 'Welcome Geeksn' f.write(lines) f.close() 
    Python
    # Appending and reading a file f = open(__file__ 'a+') lines = f.read() f.write(lines) f.close() 
    書き込み行(シーケンス) : It is a sequence of strings to the file usually a list of strings or any other iterable data type. It has no return value. Python
    # Writing a file f = open(__file__ 'a+') lines = f.readlines() #writelines() f.writelines(lines) f.close() 
    教えて() : It returns an integer that tells us the file object’s position from the beginning of the file in the form of bytes Python
    # Telling the file object position f = open(__file__ 'r') lines = f.read(10) #tell() print(f.tell()) f.close() 
    シーク(どこからのオフセット) : It is used to change the file object’s position. Offset indicates the number of bytes to be moved. from_where indicates from where the bytes are to be moved. Python
    # Setting the file object position f = open(__file__ 'r') lines = f.read(10) print(lines) #seek() print(f.seek(22)) lines = f.read(10) print(lines) f.close() 
    フラッシュ() : Flush the internal buffer like stdio‘s fflush(). It has no return value. close() automatically flushes the data but if you want to flush the data before closing the file then you can use this method. Python
    # Clearing the internal buffer before closing the file f = open(__file__ 'r') lines = f.read(10) #flush() f.flush() print(f.read()) f.close() 
    ファイル番号() : Returns the integer file descriptor that is used by the underlying implementation to request I/O operations from the operating system. Python
    # Getting the integer file descriptor f = open(__file__ 'r') #fileno() print(f.fileno()) f.close() 
    いさって() : Returns True if the file is connected to a tty(-like) device and False if not. Python
    # Checks if file is connected to a tty(-like) device f = open(__file__ 'r') #isatty() print(f.isatty()) f.close() 
    次() : It is used when a file is used as an iterator. The method is called repeatedly. This method returns the next input line or raises StopIteration at EOF when the file is open for reading( behaviour is undefined when opened for writing). Python
    # Iterates over the file f = open(__file__ 'r') #next() try: while f.next(): print(f.next()) except: f.close() 
    truncate([サイズ]) : Truncate the file's size. If the optional size argument is present the file is truncated to (at most) that size. The size defaults to the current position. The current file position is not changed. Note that if a specified size exceeds the file's current size the result is platform-dependent: possibilities include that the file may remain unchanged increase to the specified size as if zero-filled or increase to the specified size with undefined new content. Python
    # Truncates the file f = open(__file__ 'w') #truncate() f.truncate(10) f.close() 
    近い() : Used to close an open file. A closed file cannot be read or written any more. Python
    # Opening and closing a file f = open(__file__ 'r') #close() f.close() 
    属性:
      閉まっている: ファイル オブジェクトの現在の状態を示すブール値を返します。ファイルが閉じられている場合は true を返し、ファイルが開いている場合は false を返します。 エンコーディング: このファイルが使用するエンコーディング。 Unicode 文字列がファイルに書き込まれる場合、このエンコーディングを使用してバイト文字列に変換されます。 モード: ファイルの I/O モード。ファイルが open() 組み込み関数を使用して作成された場合、これはモード パラメータの値になります。 名前: ファイル オブジェクトが open() を使用して作成された場合は、ファイルの名前。 改行: ユニバーサル改行モードで開かれたファイル オブジェクトには、ファイルで使用されている改行規則を反映するこの属性があります。この属性の値は、「r」「n」「rn」なし、または表示されるすべての改行タイプを含むタプルです。 ソフトスペース : It is a boolean that indicates whether a space character needs to be printed before another value when using the print statement. Python
      f = open(__file__ 'a+') print(f.closed) print(f.encoding) print(f.mode) print(f.newlines) print(f.softspace) 
関連記事: Python でのテキスト ファイルの読み取りと書き込み 参照: https://docs.python.org/2.4/lib/bltin-file-objects.html