二重リンク リストは、ノードにシーケンス内の前のノードと次のノードへのポインタが含まれる複雑なタイプのリンク リストです。したがって、二重リンク リストでは、ノードは 3 つの部分で構成されます。ノード データ、シーケンス内の次のノードへのポインタ (次ポインタ)、前のノードへのポインタ (前ポインタ) です。二重リンクリストのサンプルノードを図に示します。

データ部分に 1 から 3 までの番号を持つ 3 つのノードを含む二重リンク リストを次の図に示します。

C では、二重リンクリストのノードの構造は次のように指定できます。

 struct node { struct node *prev; int data; struct node *next; } 

の 前へ 最初のノードの一部と 次 最後のノードの一部には、各方向の終了を示す null が常に含まれます。

単一リンクリストでは、各ノードには次のノードのアドレスが含まれており、前のノードの記録がないため、一方向にしかトラバースできません。ただし、二重リンク リストは、単一リンク リストのこの制限を克服します。リストの各ノードには前のノードのアドレスが含まれているため、各ノードの前の部分に保存されている前のアドレスを使用して、前のノードに関するすべての詳細も見つけることができます。

二重リンクリストのメモリ表現

二重リンクリストのメモリ表現を次の図に示します。一般に、二重リンクリストは各ノードにより多くのスペースを消費するため、挿入や削除などのより拡張的な基本操作が発生します。ただし、リストは両方向 (前方と後方) のポインターを保持しているため、リストの要素を簡単に操作できます。

次の図では、リストの最初の要素、つまり 13 がアドレス 1 に格納されています。ヘッド ポインタは開始アドレス 1 を指します。これはリストに追加される最初の要素であるため、 前へ リストの 含まれています ヌル。リストの次のノードはアドレス 4 に存在するため、最初のノードの次のポインタには 4 が含まれます。

次の部分に null または -1 を含むノードが見つかるまで、この方法でリストをたどることができます。

二重リンクリストの操作

ノードの作成

 struct node { struct node *prev; int data; struct node *next; }; struct node *head; 

二重リンクリストに関する残りの操作はすべて、次の表で説明されています。

二重リンクリストのすべての操作を実装する C のメニュー駆動プログラム

 #include #include struct node { struct node *prev; struct node *next; int data; }; struct node *head; void insertion_beginning(); void insertion_last(); void insertion_specified(); void deletion_beginning(); void deletion_last(); void deletion_specified(); void display(); void search(); void main () { int choice =0; while(choice != 9) { printf('
*********Main Menu*********
'); printf('
Choose one option from the following list ...
'); printf('
===============================================
'); printf('
1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
 5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit
'); printf('
Enter your choice?
'); scanf('
%d',&choice); switch(choice) { case 1: insertion_beginning(); break; case 2: insertion_last(); break; case 3: insertion_specified(); break; case 4: deletion_beginning(); break; case 5: deletion_last(); break; case 6: deletion_specified(); break; case 7: search(); break; case 8: display(); break; case 9: exit(0); break; default: printf('Please enter valid choice..'); } } } void insertion_beginning() { struct node *ptr; int item; ptr = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); if(ptr == NULL) { printf('
OVERFLOW'); } else { printf('
Enter Item value'); scanf('%d',&item); if(head==NULL) { ptr->next = NULL; ptr->prev=NULL; ptr->data=item; head=ptr; } else { ptr->data=item; ptr->prev=NULL; ptr->next = head; head->prev=ptr; head=ptr; } printf('
Node inserted
'); } } void insertion_last() { struct node *ptr,*temp; int item; ptr = (struct node *) malloc(sizeof(struct node)); if(ptr == NULL) { printf('
OVERFLOW'); } else { printf('
Enter value'); scanf('%d',&item); ptr->data=item; if(head == NULL) { ptr->next = NULL; ptr->prev = NULL; head = ptr; } else { temp = head; while(temp->next!=NULL) { temp = temp->next; } temp->next = ptr; ptr ->prev=temp; ptr->next = NULL; } } printf('
node inserted
'); } void insertion_specified() { struct node *ptr,*temp; int item,loc,i; ptr = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); if(ptr == NULL) { printf('
 OVERFLOW'); } else { temp=head; printf('Enter the location'); scanf('%d',&loc); for(i=0;inext; if(temp == NULL) { printf('
 There are less than %d elements', loc); return; } } printf('Enter value'); scanf('%d',&item); ptr->data = item; ptr->next = temp->next; ptr -> prev = temp; temp->next = ptr; temp->next->prev=ptr; printf('
node inserted
'); } } void deletion_beginning() { struct node *ptr; if(head == NULL) { printf('
 UNDERFLOW'); } else if(head->next == NULL) { head = NULL; free(head); printf('
node deleted
'); } else { ptr = head; head = head -> next; head -> prev = NULL; free(ptr); printf('
node deleted
'); } } void deletion_last() { struct node *ptr; if(head == NULL) { printf('
 UNDERFLOW'); } else if(head->next == NULL) { head = NULL; free(head); printf('
node deleted
'); } else { ptr = head; if(ptr->next != NULL) { ptr = ptr -> next; } ptr -> prev -> next = NULL; free(ptr); printf('
node deleted
'); } } void deletion_specified() { struct node *ptr, *temp; int val; printf('
 Enter the data after which the node is to be deleted : '); scanf('%d', &val); ptr = head; while(ptr -> data != val) ptr = ptr -> next; if(ptr -> next == NULL) { printf('
Can't delete
'); } else if(ptr -> next -> next == NULL) { ptr ->next = NULL; } else { temp = ptr -> next; ptr -> next = temp -> next; temp -> next -> prev = ptr; free(temp); printf('
node deleted
'); } } void display() { struct node *ptr; printf('
 printing values...
'); ptr = head; while(ptr != NULL) { printf('%d
',ptr->data); ptr=ptr->next; } } void search() { struct node *ptr; int item,i=0,flag; ptr = head; if(ptr == NULL) { printf('
Empty List
'); } else { printf('
Enter item which you want to search?
'); scanf('%d',&item); while (ptr!=NULL) { if(ptr->data == item) { printf('
item found at location %d ',i+1); flag=0; break; } else { flag=1; } i++; ptr = ptr -> next; } if(flag==1) { printf('
Item not found
'); } } } 

出力

 *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 8 printing values... *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 1 Enter Item value12 Node inserted *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 1 Enter Item value123 Node inserted *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 1 Enter Item value1234 Node inserted *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 8 printing values... 1234 123 12 *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 2 Enter value89 node inserted *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 3 Enter the location1 Enter value12345 node inserted *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 8 printing values... 1234 123 12345 12 89 *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 4 node deleted *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 5 node deleted *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 8 printing values... 123 12345 *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 6 Enter the data after which the node is to be deleted : 123 *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 8 printing values... 123 *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 7 Enter item which you want to search? 123 item found at location 1 *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 6 Enter the data after which the node is to be deleted : 123 Can't delete *********Main Menu********* Choose one option from the following list ... =============================================== 1.Insert in begining 2.Insert at last 3.Insert at any random location 4.Delete from Beginning 5.Delete from last 6.Delete the node after the given data 7.Search 8.Show 9.Exit Enter your choice? 9 Exited..